Monday, July 04, 2011

Toward an earth-friendlier ethic

I had the chance June 16 to speak about our Go Green Britt approach at the Globe Conference Costa Rica 2011 (http://costarica.globeseries.com). For about 20 years now, these conferences have been bringing business leaders together with government officials to talk about the environment. This time around, the conference focused on how to move more quickly toward a low-carbon economy. I took part in a panel that discussed how companies can help the economies of our countries become more environmentally friendly.

I described for the group some of the many things we do at Britt to foster a healthy environment, especially during the month of June, when we celebrate Environment Month. We encourage our suppliers and customers to get involved in our efforts. For example, at the Central Pacific beach community of Manuel Antonio, many of our customers are local hotels and restaurants. The town is the site of a like-named national park and much tourist activity. In early July, we'll work together on a project to reforest the banks of an area river. But all that aside, I think the time has come for a new business ethic that takes into account the interests of future generations. It's been my experience that our children are our biggest motivation to get out of our comfort zones, change our way of thinking and work toward a healthier environment. We think about all the natural beauty that we enjoy. We want it to be part of our children's future, but it may not be if we don't act responsibly today.

The best way to take to heart the destructive side effects of modern life is simply to think about those who'll come after us. Using economic jargon, this approach can help businesses internalize some of the externalities created by modern life including its current business models.

A few weeks ago, The Economist, a British magazine, ran a cover story on how the geologists of the future would likely consider our current era the "Age of Man" (Anthropocene), due to the great changes that humans have inflicted on the planet. Many of these changes are irreversible. The fact that a magazine normally focused on provable economic themes would dedicate so much space to the topic is significant in itself. That this magazine views man's impact on the planet as worrisome and issues a call to action is a step in the right direction. It urges us to better understand our actions and "manage" them for the good of the planet.

The marketplace doesn't yet offer enough incentive for companies to give environmental matters the priority they deserve.

Consumers aren't necessarily willing to pay extra for environmentally sound goods and services. We saw that some 20 years ago, when we practically reinvented Costa Rica's coffee-industry rulebook to create and sell an all-organic coffee.

Managers today are under far less pressure from their companies and shareholders to produce environmental results that are as exacting and urgent as their financial results. A company's poor environmental performance usually doesn't influence the value of its stock in the public markets, except when a catastrophe like the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico takes place.

Until the market steps up, it's imperative that we business people develop and embrace a new business ethic that views ourselves as stewards of the earth, not exploiters who exhaust all its resources.

This ethic would be one that allows the voices of our children, grandchildren and all those who follow to be heard.

Until next time,

Pablo

Comments? Questions? Write to me at pablo@cafebritt.com

Monday, May 02, 2011

Gourmet coffee and health - here's to both




When I'm around people who know I work for Café Britt or when we're
drinking coffee, I'm often asked about coffee's effects on human health. What's
interesting is that people who are my age - 40 or older - usually ask me about
coffee's harmful effects. People younger than 40, far from worried about
coffee, often make comments about coffee's health benefits.



Coffee got a bad rap about 30 years ago following reports that linked it to
health problems. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, coffee was associated with the
same health maladies linked to smoking. Since Café Britt began selling Costa Rican coffee 25 years ago, new studies have begun to
reverse the findings of the earlier research. Empirical evidence about the
effects of coffee drinking on human health have yielded very positive results.



Many independent studies over the last two decades have concluded that drinking
coffee has many associated benefits. Apparently, the earlier studies didn't
differentiate between coffee drinkers who also smoked and those who didn't
smoke. In this group, it seems that the harmful effects discovered were linked
to the smoking, not the coffee.



As great lovers of gourmet coffee, it's very good news that today caffeine is
considered harmless to health. In fact, studies show that its stimulating
effects actually improve the attention span and concentration. Besides, the
coffee bean contains more than just caffeine. Some 600 chemical components have
been analyzed in different types of coffee, including many that act as
antioxidants. In fact, it is believed that most people who live in western
nations get most of their dietary antioxidants from coffee.



Many studies have since been carried out, including some that reveal certain
health risks that could be derived from excessive coffee consumption. Even so,
the benefits discovered in these studies often far outweigh the risks. What's
more, some studies that set out to link coffee to a health hazard actually
found only benefits to drinking gourmet coffee.



I encourage anyone interested in learning more about the many benefits and low
risk levels associated with coffee drinking to check out the following links:



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee



http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/caffeine-buzz/#page=1



The National Geographic study is the most complete I've seen about caffeine.
Read all about it, and by all means sip a few cups of your favorite coffee
while you're reading!



All the best,



Pablo


Comments?
Questions? Write to me at pablo@cafebritt.com

Sunday, March 13, 2011

Sustainability for Today, and Tomorrow

This week I had the opportunity to speak with a group ofinvestors about the Britt strategy. Our conversation comes as Grupo Britt isabout to issue bonds on the Costa Rica Stock Exchange, after receiving theproper authorization from the Costa Rican Exchange Commission (SuperintendenciaGeneral de Valores).
I explained how this company, which was created 25 years agoto sell the world’s finest gourmet coffees as a finished product from its country oforigin, has since diversified by entering the world of gourmet chocolates, retailing specialty coffee online (www.cafebritt.com) and gift shops.
We’ve made mistakes along the way. We’ve gotten out of someactivities and perfected our models for sustainable business. With a high doseof innovation our business thrives in many countries.
At Britt, we’ve created an organization that pursuesenvironmental sustainability in every aspect of our entrepreneurial activities.We were pioneers in marketing Costa Rican Organic gourmet coffee. We’ve launched manyinitiatives to reduce our use of water and energy. Recycling programs are ineffect at our facilities, and we’re always looking for ways to reduce wastefrom our production process. We are working toward becoming carbon neutral by2014.
On the social side, our coworkers participate in manyvolunteer programs. We promote the development of a Fair Trade coffee program for local farmers and othersuppliers by providing technical assistance and programs that encourageinnovation and product improvement.
One such initiative has benefited a group of women in LaCarpio, a community with social and economic challenges on the outskirts of SanJosé. Britt has provided seed capital, equipment and training to get thesewomen started making useful tote bags from recycled post-production Cafe Britt coffee packaging materials. The bags are on sale in our stores. Each includes a tagthat describes the project’s history and how these bags are changing the livesof these heads of household.
On the financial side, we’ve created a competitive business,a model for a developing country, through innovation we have climbed towardsthe peak of the value ladder. We enter international markets guided by ethical corporatevalues. All our business activities in every country we operate, are envelopedin the character and culture of Britt. This is a seal of guarantee for ourcustomers.
Britt will keep growing in proportion to our success inanticipating the needs of our customers. We live in a constantly changingworld. Some raw materials, such as unroasted coffee, have doubled in price ininternational markets over the last nine months. The markets are volatile, butwe know that tomorrow, you’ll receive the finest gourmet coffees, chocolates, nuts, cookies and personalized gourmet gifts developed and offered by people who go to great lengths to ensurethat you are completely satisfied. 
Britt will continue to grow as we make extra efforts topreserve and improve the quality and service that have enabled us to be wherewe are today.
All thebest,
Pablo

 

Saturday, October 16, 2010

New products, new flavors, new ventures



About 10 years ago the strategy guru from Harvard, Michael Porter, was advising the Central American governments on how to develop national competitiveness.

He analyzed the coffee industry and found us. He then wrote a case study about how Café Britt went from being a commodity-based business that exported green coffee, a raw material, to a branded, value-added competitive business that roasted, packaged and sold its own gourmet coffee. This became known as the “Café Britt Model.”

Since then, other analysts from academia, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector, have come to us to get a better understanding of this process. Using Britt’s example, they began to envision roadmaps that developing countries could follow to add more value to their products and become part of the developed world.

There are more than 10 “Britt Case” studies being taught in universities in places like Costa Rica, the United States, and Croatia. All of these analysts consistently write about our ability to innovate with new products and services and how this skill is one of our core competencies. Both companies and nations welcome innovation as a source of competitiveness and sustainability. The Global Competitiveness Report (World Economic Forum) describes the most advanced economies as “innovation driven”.
I know we have done a good job transforming coffee, the most traditional agricultural product in Costa Rica, into a modern business that does not depend on the Brazil crop or the Vietnamese coffee policy.

What our business does depend on is offering great products and outstanding service to our customers, keeping them happy and constantly surprising them with new products, excellent service and promotions that offer real value. We see this as part of our nature, not as a business theory, but rather as part of our day-to-day work.
In this newsletter you will read about our new cookies, the most recent product category under the Britt brand name. Coffee and cookies are long time friends, so these are a natural addition to our growing line of products. I recommend you try the different cookies and let me know what you think of them and what your favorite ones are.
People always ask us why we just don’t settle for selling great coffee. They also often ask us how far we want to go. My answer to both these questions is, “I don’t know.” If the listener is up for some serious conversation, I add that at Britt we were born to keep going. We never stop. We always question ourselves, and we always try to find new products, new services and new ventures.
We love experimenting with new flavors, tropical fruit, chocolate and coffee combinations. I am actually writing this letter on a plane leaving the Dominican Republic, that beautiful Caribbean country where I just signed a contract to build and operate five Britt Shops in three airports.

We at Britt live for creativity and innovation. New product development is a key element of our innovation efforts. You will soon hear more about our new developments in the Dominican Republic. New products, new services, new cultures, new flavors, new ventures. You will get more of that from Britt in the near future. Stay tuned.
Well, I hope to get home soon, and I am looking forward to a cup of Founder´s Blend coffee with some Britt guayaba cookies!
Let me know what you think of the cookies at pablo@cafebritt.com, all feedback is welcome.

Saludos,

Pablo.

Thursday, February 25, 2010

Sustainable Development

Pablo E. Vargas
CEO, Café Britt

I recently spoke with a customer from New Jersey who wanted to know what our company was doing to be a socially and environmentally sustainable business. I explained our approach to sustainability and the many programs and activities that we do to support the environment and our communities. He felt intrigued as to why we don't make more effort to communicate these efforts to the public.


Days later, a U.S. student who attended the CoffeeTour asked me a profound business-ethics question. She wondered what I thought was the role of a thriving business like ours in society. Are we satisfied to simply pay our taxes and comply with the local laws and regulations of the countries where we do business, or do we have a deeper responsibility toward society?

I will try to answer both concerns in this entry, even though I am aware that a thorough answer would deserve something that would look more like a book than a column. Let me address first the business-ethics question.

The role of business in society

In the developed world there's a constant debate as to whether corporate responsibility should go beyond maximizing profits and shareholders’ returns by simply paying taxes and complying with the law.

The "traditional approach" (let me call it that way for the purpose of this column) teaches that a firm's responsibility toward society is determined by law. A business has to comply with applicable laws and regulations, especially when it comes to paying taxes.
Under this model, the government, through the distribution of tax revenue, is responsible for all other aspects of society. This includes guaranteeing that conditions for workers, market conditions and pricing are fair, and that social and environmental equilibrium is preserved.

In this way, all law-abiding, tax-paying firms can dedicate all their energies toward maximizing profits and returns to shareholders, regardless of any "externalities" they may cause to society or the environment. The taxes they pay will partially be used to correct any negative effects resulting from the "externalities."

Compare this with the "modern approach" (again, the term is used only for illustration purposes in this column). Under this model, businesses also have to pay their fair share of taxes and abide by the law. They have the same goal of maximizing profits and shareholder value, however, they’re also expected to fulfill a more active role in society.

Not only shareholders but also customers, suppliers, the communities where the firm operates, and even the media have a voice in business decisions. Businesses are expected to help the government, get involved in educational projects and participate in technological transfer activities.

All good firms have a "philosophy." Company leaders, explicitly or implicitly, position their companies somewhere in the continuum that I described above, between the "traditional" and the "modern" approaches. It’s a mindset that usually stems from the founder or the CEO of a Company. It permeates all aspects of business activity and, most notably, it influences the way the employees think about their jobs and about their contribution to society.

Developed vs developing countries

Since developed countries tend to have better-run governments than developing countries, the firms based in developed countries may feel more comfortable letting the government handle the externalities they cause. These governments, through regulatory actions and taxes, can direct the actions of the firms, establish mandatory business practices and finance projects to improve the environment and society in general. On the other hand, governments in the developing world have a more limited capacity to effectively do all these activities. A responsible business in a developing country will, in general, end up taking a more active role in society than a similarly responsible business in the developed world.

Where does Café Britt stand?

At Britt, we have a high sense of responsibility. We’re based in developing countries, but we have a strong customer base in the developed world. We fit the profile of the “modern approach” I described above.

I believe the societal and environmental issues we face today are too important to leave to governments. We cannot be indifferent to challenges that might make, not only our company, but the world itself, unsustainable. Café Britt wants to contribute. Café Britt wants to make a difference. It's a lot easier to run a company using the "traditional approach," but we have chosen the difficult path. We still want to maximize profits and shareholder value, but we also want to help our society to find sustainable ways of doing business.

Likewise, we want customers who are aware of ethical and environmentally sound business practices, and we want to help our suppliers to improve their processes. We want to be a good citizen wherever we operate plants, stores or offices. We want to help increase the business standards so that other businesses might also get on the wagon of sustainability.

Now let's address the first question in the introduction, what do we do and why we don't we talk more about it?

So what is Britt doing?

Our Social Responsibility report starts with our Mission and Quality Statements because they guide our actions.

Café Britt's Mission:

To anticipate our customers’ needs and satisfy them in a fun and informative way with products and services that conserve and respect the environment, reward our investors and create benefits "from the plantation to your cup."

Café Britt Quality Statement:

We offer gourmet coffees, fine food products and specialty gifts in customer-friendly environments. We are committed to constant improvement and environmental protection, always following fundamental principles:

Communication: We work as a team, communicating constantly in a simple, sincere, honest and timely manner.

Commitment: We exceed the expectations of our customers, coworkers and investors by producing results on time, in full and with close attention to detail.

Creativity: We anticipate needs and desires to create innovative and profitable ways to ensure satisfaction.

Character: We believe in doing the right thing. We respect and adhere to all applicable regulations and are accountable for the use of resources and knowledge.

It's clear in our mission statement that our products and services have a very high goal -- to conserve and respect the environment. Our Quality Statement explicitly talks about our commitment to environmental protection. We talk not only about our shareholders but also our customers and co-workers. In the value of “Character” we touch our ethical values. We hold ourselves accountable for the use of resources, and we believe in doing the right thing. From those principles, words and values we take specific actions, like these:

Our Customers and the environment. We back our quality statement with an independently audited system. Our company is ISO 9001 certified. This means we have a quality assurance system in place that is certified every year to meet the international standard ISO 9001. Our quality statement is more than just nice words, it's hard work! In a similar way, we have implemented an environmental-management system under the international ISO 14001 standard, again, audited every year. This means we measure our impacts to the environment. We focus on our critical impacts and do something about them to reduce our environmental externalities and preserve the environment.

Transparency and Corporate Governance practices. We do formal benchmark analysis to make sure we compare favorably to other reputable businesses. We voluntarily adhere to the BASC (Business Alliance for Secure Commerce) standard, a security standard that is audited annually. We have a board of directors with five external members and only two internal board members. We promote transparency in all our business dealings and will dedicate the rest of this year to increase awareness of our Ethics Code, and train our staff in its application.

Our Co-workers. We do benchmarking to make sure our company pays above-market salaries to our employees. We promote the internal development of our employees so they have access to open positions within the company. We believe in training and do an annual employee satisfaction analysis to measure and improve the company's culture. We have emergency brigades prepared to handle most expected emergencies that could take place at our facilities, including fire, earthquake and terrorism attacks. Brigade members are trained in cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Coffee growers. Our growers commit to Britt's social and environmental standards. We motivate them by paying above-market prices for their quality harvest. That’s our Britt Fair Price Policy guarantee. We provide technical training to growers. We have pioneered organic coffee practices in Costa Rica. We also promote the fair trade coffee label.

Artisans. Under the Program for Artisan Development, Café Britt joins efforts with the Costa Rican Ministry of the Economy, and the Costa Rican Technological Institute (ITCR), a local university, to improve the handicrafts produced by our base of suppliers. The artisans work for six months with industrial design students to improve existing handicrafts or innovate with new ones. Many of these improved handicrafts are then sold through our stores.
Our employees engage in many volunteer programs supported and organized by the company. They do specific community projects to improve schools, reforest lands and improve parks.

We recycle, produce organic fertilizer, save energy and water, reduce our carbon footprint and celebrate our annual Environment Week in June.
We support many other organizations. In fact, companies come to our facilities to learn from us. I lecture to about 500 students a year and to about 100 entrepreneurs about different aspects of how we apply best practices in our business.

I don't like greenwashing. I don't like people who overpromise and underdeliver. I feel more comfortable underpromising and overdelivering to exceed expectations. However, if we want to change the world, as our customer from New Jersey showed me, we will have to talk more about what we do. I hope we can influence some business people and convince them to introduce some sustainable practices in their own firms. I hope we can influence customers to learn about and identify sustainable practices and demand that their goods-and-service providers implement them. Let's change the world while it's time!

Café Britt at your service,

Monday, September 07, 2009

LA PARADOJA DEL INNOVADOR: POR SER DIFERENTE TE IMITARAN

Pablo E. Vargas
CEO, Café Britt



Britt es una empresa que hace café y chocolates, está en el negocio del turismo, vende productos por internet en Estados Unidos, diseña y construye tiendas de regalo en aeropuertos y lugares turísticos en varios países, vende café a cadenas de hoteles, a restaurantes finos, vende los productos que fabrica con la marca Britt, además de souvenirs, artesanías y textiles en supermercados, y desarrolla productos de chocolate autóctonos de los países donde opera. Fue el primer tostador de café en el mundo, orientado a exportar el producto final industrializado, con todo su valor agregado en el país de origen.

No conozco otra compañía que haga todas esas actividades. Alguien podría pensar que no tenemos competencia, que nadamos en un tranquilo océano azul donde no hay bestias marinas que lo tiñan de rojo al devorar a sus presas. Pero la realidad es diferente.

Debido a que operamos en tan diversas industrias, enfrentamos competencia en cada una de ellas. Así, el tostador de café popular, al ver los atractivos márgenes que logra capturar la marca Britt, decide lanzar su variedad de café gourmet, especial. Y el productor de café que tiene fincas y beneficios en lugares con hermosas vistas, decide montar su propio y auténtico “coffee tour”. Los que venden productos por internet al ver que Britt es una de las diez empresas que venden más café en línea en Estados Unidos, deciden montar sus propias versiones de tiendas “online” para vender productos en ese mercado. En algunos aeropuertos los operadores de retail tratan de imitar nuestros conceptos, incluido el “look and feel” de las tiendas, así como la línea de productos.

El innovador enfrenta el costo inicial del desarrollo o “montaje” de su idea, en inglés se habla de los costos de “research and development”, y esto incluye el costo por hacer múltiples pruebas para desarrollar conceptos exitosos, pues no existen varitas mágicas ni bolas de cristal, la prueba y el error son parte de la innovación. Y como si no fuera suficiente, una vez que el innovador demuestra al mundo que su idea es exitosa, enfrentará irremediablemente la competencia de muchos imitadores que no tuvieron que incurrir en costos de prueba y error, ni desarrollo, ni montaje. El imitador tiene la ventaja de que no invierte en probar los conceptos, él va a la segura. Sin haber incurrido en costos de desarrollo, puede copiar lo bueno, desechar lo malo, y parecer una alternativa tan viable como la que creó el innovador.

La paradoja del innovador es precisamente esa, que si desarrollas una innovación lo suficientemente importante para generar una ventaja competitiva, los imitadores lo notarán y te copiarán. Aún más, si has desarrollado la reputación de ser innovador, cultivarás un público cada vez mayor de imitadores. Estos imitadores pueden mutar y transformarse en verdaderos innovadores, y poner al innovador a la defensiva.

Todas las compañías grandes de software fueron en su momento grandes innovadoras (grandes en ideas, pero pequeñas en tamaño pues muchas empezaron en garajes de casas), y muchas de ellas han visto con los años, que su posición es erosionada por competidores que hasta hace pocos años eran insignificantes. Esto mismo ha ocurrido en el mundo de los teléfonos móviles, cámaras fotográficas, aparatos de video, etc.

¿Entonces cuál es la ventaja de ser innovador? Este artículo propone que la capacidad de innovar no consiste en generar una innovación válida de gran alcance. Alguien que tenga una buena idea, y pretenda descansar en sus laureles, entrará en problemas tarde o temprano, por más brillante que haya sido la idea original. Todos hemos escuchado alguien que quiere desarrollar un producto único y crear una empresa basada en sólo ese producto y alcanzar “el éxito”. Mi experiencia del mundo moderno real, es que esta actitud llevaría al fracaso aún al genio más brillante.

La única ventaja que tiene el innovador, la logra cuando el proceso de pasar de una nueva idea a una solución rentable, se transforma en algo sistemático.

Por ejemplo, supongamos que la empresa innovadora desarrolla un nuevo producto que le permitirá vivir sin competencia relevante durante los siguientes dos años, que es el tiempo que tardarán los imitadores en lanzar sus propias versiones de aquel producto innovador. Si esta empresa se cruza de brazos, los imitadores llegarán con productos de más bajo costo (si todas las demás condiciones son similares, por lo menos su costo de desarrollo será menor) y minarán la posición ventajosa del innovador. La única esperanza del innovador es que en dos años, ya tenga otros productos aún más innovadores para ser lanzados al mercado.

El competitivo mundo de hoy, premia la agilidad empresarial, la velocidad, más que el tamaño y la escala. Empresas cuya fuente de competitividad provenía de su escala, hoy se ven amenazadas por empresas mucho más pequeñas, pero más ágiles.

El verdadero innovador conoce esta dinámica y la llega a dominar en beneficio propio. El innovador irreverente se mantendrá en el mercado porque los imitadores se han enfocado en producir productos similares, o en imitar procesos productivos, o en capturar clientes similares con conceptos parecidos, pero no lograrán fácilmente imitar la capacidad sistemática de innovar. Es en esta capacidad sistemática donde reside la competitividad y la sostenibilidad financiera a largo plazo de un innovador.

Pero si esto es así, ¿Se puede fomentar la innovación? ¿Es posible desarrollar la innovación como una capacidad sistemática en la organización para obtener ventaja competitiva sostenible a largo plazo?

Para tratar de demostrar que esto sí es posible existen consultores, modelos, programas, y facilitadores para la innovación. Aunque todos estos elementos agregan valor, y dicho sea de paso, si una organización no ha formalizado sus planes de innovación pienso que debería hacerlo; quiero referirme al tema de fondo: la cultura de la organización.

Una cultura particular puede fomentar la innovación, o matarla de plano. Los ambientes jerárquicos, donde el jefe manda y dicta las órdenes, son tóxicos para la innovación. En cambio, donde se fomenta el trabajo el equipo, se dan responsabilidades pero no se les dice a los trabajadores exactamente cómo deben realizar cada función, y existe espacio para equivocarse y tomar riesgos, son lugares con culturas donde la innovación florece.

En otro artículo analizaré algunos de los ingredientes que puede contener una cultura de innovación y que pueden ser de parte de la receta que atraiga a los gerentes. Les dejo algunos de estos elementos para endulzarles el paladar a los líderes empresariales:

a. Promueva que los empleados cometan errores.

b. No contrate a la gente por “horas-nalga”.

c. Asigne responsabilidades, pero nunca escriba listas de funciones.

d. Si no usa las ideas del cliente está botando el dinero.

e. No use corbata, deje que le digan “mae” o “don Mae” si su empresa es un lugar muy formal…

f. Busque Pack-man´s de la burocracia y déjelos libres por los corredores.

g. Contrate gente mejor que usted y quédese sin trabajo, para eso le pagan.

En conclusión, el que decida ser innovador debe saberlo, será imitado tarde o temprano, y su único camino si quiere mantenerse al frente de la manada, es no renunciar a su llamado, innovar toda la vida, ser más rápido que los demás, no darse por vencido.

Paradójicamente, el éxito del innovador está en no sentarse en los laureles, el innovador exitoso e irreverente vivirá su vida sin poder descansar para celebrar sus logros, quizás a eso se refería Andy Groove, cofundador de Intel, con aquello de que sólo los paranoicos sobreviven… Gracias por enviar sus comentarios e ideas a pablo@cafebritt.com.

Monday, August 24, 2009

La innovación irreverente, arma letal contra la crisis

En foros empresariales o de la academia, con cierta frecuencia me piden que cuente anécdotas sobre Café Britt y mi experiencia como gerente. En particular, en estos tiempos de crisis la gente me suele pedir que comparta la "receta del éxito de Britt". De ahí que me he encontrado hablando a diversos públicos improvisadamente en eventos a los cuales asistía como oyente.

Hace poco, se dio una de esas oportunidades en una reunión a la que me invitaron bajo el nombre de Club de Innovación. Quizás, el no haber planeado nada me sirvió para darme cuenta, de una manera casi sorpresiva, de que me sobraban anécdotas sobre innovación y que, sin innovación, no existiría Britt, o tal vez, la empresa sería un beneficio de café (en algún momento llegamos a administrar uno). La existencia misma de Britt es una innovación dentro de la industria más tradicional del país: el café de Costa Rica, una industria que cíclicamente ha pasado por diversas crisis. Para asombro de mis colegas en esa reunión, mi primera anécdota tenía que ver con que el negocio al que queríamos dedicarnos en los inicios de la compañía, hace más de dos décadas, era un negocio ilegal.

Primera lección: si generas una innovación de alto impacto serás un irreverente

De ahí surge la idea principal de estas líneas, cuando Steve Aronson fundó Café Britt en 1985, tenía la idea de vender y distribuir dentro del territorio nacional el mejor “café de exportación” que Costa Rica producía. Pues bien, como lo comprobé en 1990 cuando lo conocí y trabajé con él tres meses mientras realizaba mi tesis en Economía Agrícola, el negocio de vender “café de exportación” dentro del país, era ilegal.
Costa Rica y los ticos, por ley, debíamos tomar sólo “café de consumo nacional”, un producto que tenía obligatoriamente que pasar por la “subasta del ICAFE”, y sufrir un proceso de “tición”. Sí, leyó bien, como el café de “consumo” era tan malo, se teñía con un tinte azul-verdoso, para que jamás pudiera ser exportado.
A los beneficios se les obligaba por ley a entregar a la subasta del ICAFE alrededor de un 10% de su cosecha, que era pagada a menos de la mitad que el precio internacional. Entonces, los beneficios se aseguraban de nunca enviar café de alta calidad a esa subasta. En fin, los ticos no merecíamos café de exportación. El concepto era “Lo bueno para los de afuera, lo malo se queda en casa”.
Irreverentemente, retamos al ICAFE de la época y le dijimos que tostaríamos café de exportación y lo venderíamos localmente, y que era una pérdida tremenda de calidad tener que “pasar por agua” y teñir un café tan bueno. Además, hicimos “lobby”, y cambiamos las regulaciones, fuimos protagonistas en el desmantelamiento de la “tición” y la subasta del ente regulador, la imagen que nos venía a la mente era sin lugar a dudas la caída del Muro de Berlín.
De la misma manera que los oficiales que resguardaban el Muro perdieron su trabajo cuando este cayó, los funcionarios encargados de la “tición” perdieron sus empleos que contribuían a empeorar la calidad. Debido a nuestra irreverencia en la lucha por derrumbar el “Muro de Berlín” que separaba al café de consumo nacional del café de exportación, ganamos admiradores tanto como detractores de nuestra misión libertadora.


 
Y esa es la segunda lección: Al poner en práctica tu innovación irreverente, enfrentarás la oposición de las más altas autoridades

Por naturaleza, las altas autoridades, los expertos, los gurúes, los asociados más antiguos y respetados de las cámaras empresariales, los administradores de “la sabiduría convencional” se opondrán a tu idea, especialmente si esta vale la pena. Y lo harán férreamente, prepararse para eso es indispensable.
Costa Rica lleva casi 200 años de exportar lo que muchos consideramos es el café más fino del mundo. Sin embargo, antes de Britt, lo exportábamos únicamente como materia prima. De hecho, este café finísimo servía como un ingrediente de las mezclas de los tostadores en países desarrollados, para mejorar la calidad del “blend”.
El consumidor final no tenía la menor idea que el buen olor y sabor de ese “blend” provenía, en gran parte, por el componente de café tico. Por eso, aún el mejor café de Costa Rica, era un “commodity”, un producto sin identidad para el consumidor final. Cuando Britt inició sus planes de exportación de un producto con alto valor agregado, los expertos de la industria pronosticaron el fracaso, por dos motivos:

 
a. “Eso no funciona así, eso nunca se ha hecho”. Esta era la idea aceptada por los expertos de la industria del café, a mediados de los años 90 y la idea, aunque con menos adeptos, aún persiste. A pesar del éxito evidente de Café Britt, la versión actualizada del argumento es algo así como:

“Eso no sirve porque no es para todos, Britt exporta apenas un pequeño porcentaje de todo el café que el país exporta…”, algunos se aferran a los 200 años de tradición y afirman que “el café industrializado con valor agregado no es el futuro en café” y optan por seguir otros caminos basados en vender un “commodity”, una materia prima ligada a los vaivenes de precio de la bolsa de Nueva York.

b. La segunda razón por la cual los expertos pronosticaban el fracaso, es la más fascinante. Ellos, muchos de los cuales respondían a intereses de compañías multinacionales que eran los “clientes” del café de Costa Rica, pensaban que si Café Britt tenía éxito y lograba colocar el café fino de Costa Rica en los mercados internacionales, esto sería un problema para el país, pues los grandes compradores (compañías multinacionales, dueñas de los mayores tostadores del mundo), se enojarían con el país por hacerles competencia. O sea, que nuestro papel en el mundo era cumplir como una buena “banana republic” y no incomodar a nadie. Vieran que este argumento tenía mucho peso, y asustaba a los directivos de la industria del momento.

Alguien podría pensar que Costa Rica, con toda su institucionalidad que ha logrado desarrollar en café, apoyaría una idea como la creación de Café Britt. La realidad fue lo opuesto, si hubiésemos estado en la industria de los plátanos o los chayotes, habríamos enfrentado mucho menos oposición de los sistemas burocráticos que nos regulan.

 
Tercera lección: El mejor modelo para innovar surge en tu mente, especialmente si hay crisis

Mucho se habla de innovación siguiendo modelos y autores extranjeros, sin embargo, el tema de la innovación para las empresas en Costa Rica está a la mano, y el mejor consultor en innovación es la crisis.

Cuando hay necesidad de hacer algo para sobrevivir, brota la innovación. Toda crisis implica cambios profundos, rápidos, inesperados, y en este ambiente el que no innova pierde, y el que sabe innovar, gana.
Es por ello que me aventuré a compartir algunos pensamientos y lecciones aprendidas a lo largo de casi 20 años en que he tenido contacto con una empresa innovadora, joven, de avanzada, que rompió irreverentemente con la sabiduría convencional de los expertos de la época, y que sigue derribando muros, cruzando fronteras, esquivando limitaciones de las políticas comerciales del país, ganándole a las burocracias, y siguiendo un camino propio.

En esta crisis se nos han presentado muchas oportunidades, tanto comerciales como de mejora interna. Hemos aumentado en el último año nuestro espacio comercial (metros cuadrados de tiendas) en un 34%, nos hemos salido de algunos negocios y hemos abierto 13 tiendas en 12 meses. La crisis no nos ha dejado inmóviles, no hemos sido analistas de la crisis, hemos aprendido a remar más velozmente y con más determinación que antes, precisamente porque las olas son más grandes y si nos quedamos a la deriva o nos toma una ola desprevenidos, nos puede volcar.

Para ilustrar el concepto, voy a usar una anécdota real, quizás el cambio más significativo en cuanto a personal clave que ejecutamos durante la crisis. Café Britt emplea a unas 150 personas en Perú y a un número similar de gente en Chile y estamos creciendo en ambos países. Con nuestro concepto de “sense-of-place” buscamos gerentes locales para cada una de las operaciones, así teníamos un gerente chileno para la operación en Chile y uno peruano para Perú. Resulta que nuestro gerente chileno tuvo dificultad para absorber plenamente la “cultura Britt”, y renunció justo en el apogeo de la crisis mundial. Por otra parte, nuestro gerente peruano es un “evangelista” de la cultura Britt. La forma de ser de uno de ellos era, a criterio nuestro, mucho más apta para el negocio que manejamos; además, estamos creciendo aceleradamente en ambos países y esto impone exigencias adicionales en el liderazgo.
Sin embargo, como suele suceder entre países vecinos, históricamente han existido algunas rivalidades naturales y sentimientos nacionalistas en el Sur. Con la renuncia del gerente de Chile, y las características del de Perú, se nos dio la oportunidad de nombrar a nuestro gerente peruano a cargo de las dos organizaciones y pensamos que esto sería lo más saludable para nuestras operaciones en Suramérica. Al final lo que buscábamos era, por un lado mejorar el ambiente laboral de manera que ambas organizaciones fueran fieles representantes de los valores de la cultura Britt y, por otro, sentar las bases para el crecimiento que nos ofrecen los dos países.

Para sentar un equivalente, es como que tengamos una empresa en Costa Rica y otra en Nicaragua, y el gerente tico se vaya y a los ticos los pongamos bajo el gerente nicaragüense, sólo que los sentimientos nacionalistas en Suramérica, suelen ser aún mayores que en Centroamérica. Pues bien, tomamos una decisión que ha resultado en un mejor ambiente en nuestra subsidiaria chilena, con gente que está más satisfecha y es más productiva, bajo el liderazgo de nuestro gerente peruano, sin ningún problema. La crisis nos permitió buscar soluciones no convencionales, pero efectivas.
Existen muchas más anécdotas que espero poder transmitir para alentarnos a tomar el control de nuestro futuro especialmente en tiempos de crisis, ya que en cada uno de nosotros hay un irreverente, un espíritu aventurero, que bien guiado, puede crear formas nuevas y rentables de satisfacción de necesidades, para bien propio, de nuestras empresas y nuestros países. Gracias por enviar sus comentarios. ¡Se vale enviar comentarios irreverentes!